Internal-combustion engine.



P. REAUGH. INTERNAL `GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APILIO'A'IION FILED NOV. 1, 1904.

Patented Feb. 1, 1910.

7 SHEETS-SHEET i a ujf: ecz ugh By I ATTORNEYS F. REAUGH.

INTERNAL eoMBUsTloN ENGINE.

l APPLIGATION FILED NOV. 1, 1904. A 948,248, Y Patented Feb. 1, 1910.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

u n L1 y lwl'i :pig-Ef I i' 'l Bym' @my few., e Y mm F.REAUGH. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE;

- APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1, 1904. v 948,248. Patented Feb.1,1910.

l l v'I SHEETS-SHEET 3. 1 EE- 'E- u lll/1111411111111 hat if?, a "51% /7/ 'F.1m11'1m11.

INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE.

y APPLICATION FILED NOV. 1, 1904.

"Patented Feb. 1,1910.

-7 SHEETS-.SHEET 4.

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L me m a Mm Armyfrs F. REAUGH. V INTBENAL OMBUSTION HN'GINI'.`

F.rLIoATIgN FILED Nov. 1, 19042 Patented Feb. 1, 1910.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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l 1*.- 111311111111. v INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED Nov. 1, 1904.

Patented Feb. 1,1910.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

ANDRA/frs l whichthe following l act description.

iov

" Vof air 'andy gas or lof airV and hydrocarbon FRA NK REAUGH, OF OAK CIJFE, TEXAS.

'iN'.rEnNan-comnusfrron Eivefiivn.

To all whom "it mag/concern: 4 f f l Be it known that I, 'Finnair REAUGH,va

t rcitizen of the United States, and a'resident yof Oak Clilf', in the county'of Dallas and State of`Texas, have invented a new andi' Improved Internal-Combustion* Engine, of

The inventionY relates to certain improvements in internal combustionV engines'using gaseous fuel, such for instance as a mixture 'Ehe'prime objects of the invention` are to admit Vof greater economy in operation and a' wider' controlofthe engine than has hereto` fore been possible in engines jof this class.

To these endsthe invention resides inv a peculiar arrangement of a plurality of cylindersin conjunction" with a single main or engineVv shaft, with which shaft one or all.

i' #of the cylinders may be connected independentl and at will, thusenablingthe main Y sha t to bedriven from the operation of a` y sin le cylinder while the other vcylinder or ,f cylinders with all of their immediately al- '..P'essed cylinder, to increase initial compression or wasted.

lied-parts remain absolutely inactive.l

The invention further involves an improvedvalvular mechanism which may be controlled manually or by governor action as desired,and'f through the medium of which vcooled comair'`may beadmitted to the'engine to start the operation ofthe engine. An air cushion may be formed in the cylinder to engine, and air may be compressed and sent tofa suitable storage reservoir for subsequent use, thus utilizing certain energy developedA by the engine which would otherwise be There is illustrated in connection therewith certain means for i iting the cylinder charge, this means re ating to the gen-V eral type of igniters in which a portion of the cylinder charge is. trapped" and coma pressed to a degreel suliicient to bring about spontaneous ignition; the' devicel employed l byme .having'such novel .5o

Y construction fand organization as insures an effective. propagation of 'flame and. accuratetiming of operanegative wor There is alsoA illustrated means for regulating .the carbureter action of the engine, by means of which either free ,or compressed air'may be 'admitted to the -is a full,y clear',f`and ex the same time a minimum carburetenfthus allowing the carbureter to operate normally under the action of the vfree ora-atmospheric air andbyy admitting Ycompression"intheA engine cylinder. And finally, `,the invention involves.v various other features cfconstruction and organization'of.

elements,a'll of `which will be fully set' forth hereinafter and` plointed out in the claims. Y

Reference ist ad to', the accompany-ing drawingswliich illustrate `as an example -the preferred embodiment of my -invention,"in which drawingslikel characters of reference indcate'like'partsl in the several views, and in which f "'r ,Y W

Figure 1 is a ,front side elevation'. of the organized engine with part of the crank case 1 broken away, and with the mainor engine shaftanduthe tWo crank shafts in'section; Fig. k2 is a plan view of the engine; Fig. 3 is hafts on 'essentially the line 3--3 of Fig. 1;

ends of theengine cylinders on essentially the line 4.-'-4 of Fig. 2, this view illustrating the inlet and exhaust valvesas well as one of the valves ,for controlling the auxiliary air supply to the'cylinders and devices for actuating said valves; Fig. 5 i's an elevational section taken centrally through the en 'ne on approximately the line 5 5 of Fig. 1; f g. 6 `is a sectional elevation of .the lower part at one side of the engine on essentially the line 6|-6 of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a detail plan ing one of the clutches for connecting one'of the crank shafts with the main or engine shaft; Fig. 48 is a sectional elevation of said an enlarged fragmentary section show)ing .iary air supply to the engine cylinders, 'and illustrating also ythe peculiar cam and link devices for giving .this valve its characteris- .tic variable operation; F' 10 is a detail sectiony on tlieline l-lod Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a'sectional elevation onthe line 11-11 of Fig. 9; Fi .'12`is a detail sectionV on the line 12-12 of ig. 9;.Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section'of the -igniter cylinder, showing the 'part which communicates with the engine cylinder, and also illustrating the sectional rod for operating the igniter piston; Fig. 14

illustrating the automatic trip devices by compressed.. air'y to increase the absorption. ofthe liquidfuel', and'increase theinitial 4; isl a fragmentary section ofthe upper' with the spur gear'in section and illstrat` clutch on theline 8-'8 of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is f Patented Feb.1, 1910.

a sectional plan ofthe engine and crank one of the valves for controlling the auxil-v f is a side'elevation of the igniter mechanism,

-means `of which the action of the i niter y to 48 inclusive.

iston and valve are effected and timed;

i 15 is a side elevation of the i niter, looingtoward the portthereof whic communicates with the engine cylinder, and further illustrating the parts shown in Fig. 14; Fig. `16 is a sectional plan on the line 16--16 of Fig. 14; Fig. 17 V1s a fragmentary elevation illustrating the means for delaying the action of the igniter piston and for opening the igniter va 'e; Fig. 18 is a vertlcal section on the line 18-18 of Fig. 16, this view lfurther illustrating the parts shown in Figs. 16 and.17 Fig. 19 is an elevational view of the parts shown in Fig. 18; Fig. 2O is'a detail section of the devices for controlling the action of the igniter valve; Fig. 21 is a detail sectional elevation of the devices for controlling the carbureter action; and Fig. 22 is a detail section of such de- .vices on essentially the line 2222 of Fig. 21.`

I will first describe the general organization of the multiple-cylinder engine and the devices for throwing one or all of the cylinders into action, as desired, reference being had for this pur ose particularly to Figs. 1 he engine is provided with a base 25 supporting the crank case 26, which in turn supports two or more cylinders 27. These cylinders are intended to Abe water jacketed, or provided with other suitable devices ,for cooling them, and as shown best in Fig. 4 they are formed at their inner or adjacent sides with valve housings 28, in which are seated the in-take valves 29 and the exhaustl valves 30. The inlet valves 29 are held yieldingly to their seatsby springs y 31 in the usual manner, or they may be conttrolled in other ways as desired. The casings 32 of the inlet valves communicate by conduits 33`with a carbureter hau'st valves 30 have stems '35 passing down ward to the main or engine shaft, as will be hereinafter fully set forth. The cylinders dependent sleeves 43 which are 27 are iitted with pistons as usual, and the connecting rods 36 thereof are joined to cranks 37 forming parts of the crank shafts 38 which are revo u ly mounted in the crank case 26 arallel to eachother, vand which may be tted, if desired, with ily wheels 39. The pistons respectively impart their movements to the crank shafts 38, which4 shafts are revoluble independently of each other, as shown. 40 indicates thefmain or engine shaftwhich is revolubly mounted in the crank case between the shafts 38, and which is ada ted to be connected with either or both o? said shafts by devices which will be now described. The shafts 38 carry gears 41 which respectively mesh with s nr gears'y 42. Said gears are carriedsecure y on inmounted loose on the main shaft 40. The rims of the gears 42 overhang the webs to form internal clutch members,and coacting therewith are advantageous attaine 34. The ex-4 aus clutch cones 44 which ar'e mounted to slide on and to turn with the main shaft by means of longitudinally splined hubs 45 receiving keys 4b' suitably fastened to the main shaft.

47 indicates hand levers or other suitable means for sliding the hubs 45 and cones 44, causing them to engage or disengagc the spur gears.

In order to hold the parts 44 and 45 yield-l `45, so that when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. V6 "for example, the action of the`-springs will tend to engage the cones 4 4 wlthl the'spur gears, and when through the operation of the levers 47 the cones are moved out of such engagement andthe position of the springs is reversed, said springs will act oppositely, `that is to say, will serve yieldingly to hold thei cones in their disengaged or engaged position. It will, theretore, appear that by the mani ulation'` of the levers'47 the two sides of t e engine may be 'operated conjointly, or one side may be operated to theexclusion of the other, as desired. This `arrangement is particularly loads since it avoidsthe wasteof energy due to running one 'or more cylinders empty.

It also serves as an easy method of starting the engine,since one side may be started when out of connectionwith the main shaft and then thrown into such connection, and

4the other side of the engine then started by power derived from the first mentioned side. AIn order to increase the efficiency of the clutch, (particularl when full speed has been I provi e a positive grip device,

best shown 1n Figs. 7 and 8. lhis device comprisesdissimilar dogs 49 and 50 pivoted on sttids 51 carried b the spur gears 42. These dogs are adapte cone 44, andthe inner surface of the cone is notched as indicated at 52 so as to receive correspondin teeth on the dogs. The dogs "are connecte by rods 53 which ass loose y through studs 54 on the hbs of t e gears 42, and which are provided with stop nuts 55 to limit the outward movement of the dogs. These do s 49 and 50 move outward by centrifugal orce, and when th ning slowly and theclutch is thrown in, the do s will not become positively active. W en, however, full speed isattained the dogs will be thrown outward with suiicient force to bring about the secure engagement of their teeth with the corresponding notches 52 in the clutch cones 44, and the parts 44 and `42 will be locked firmly together, causing the movement to be transmitted through a posi- A as contradistinguished from a frictive,

By providing. dissimilar tional, connection.

dogs 49 and 50, I insure that the cranks 37 2 1.;

when operating under light e engine is runto be inclosed by the lll i' when Vcoupled?.together:liefaty the vpropefriy'angleV toeachothe'r. Refpertence-toFig.y ewil-l showf that theteeth of.' the dogs 49fandi50f` andv '1 by the same istrue of the notches 52 05E. thelacone's 44 are-so rela-.- tively disposed; asnoty to' interfereV with the engaging and disengagingmovements of the' y arts-4A:v with .respectto the parts49, :50- and As-shownbest in Figs. 1 ando, the-ex'- :f haust valve stemsl areprovided -With @1o springs', 56. Vtend-ing yi'eldingly. `toVV seat4 the Witharms 57 respecthe sleeve43 relatedto that cylin er, and thecexhalust `valve 'ofgthe other cylinder.; VInthis way not onlyare they pistonandcrankrshaft offtheinactive-cylin der kept idle, butthe valve mechanism,gand, Y Vgas' will hereinafter appear, the'otherzoperaf VIv willilnext describe the -v'alvllar mec'han-jY ism-` for controlling thev auxiliary `air spply to the; lengine cylinders, referencebeing had `particnlarly 'toy the Figs. 13 2: and19 to, 115 in-v the conduits 7.33: connecting.' the inlet valve casings 32-"With the carbreter 34 are' pro-f A .vided withihree-way valves tiefste-Rigas*- -and 5). V'Thesevalvesbyproper operationV may-bedis osed to connectfthe inlet valvef i casmgswit thecarbureterfor to' close the.v

carbureter commumcation and connectv said l Y casings withythe atmosphere. 63?''indicates the two'V levers.. for. operatin ,the L rmlxfili'a'ryl..` v airfsupply valves,.and'thesef evers haveconv nection withe'thesaidvalves 62, so as'to-th'rowr the valves GZsimultaneonsly.witl1f the operas rock'shafts 66. The rockshaftsare mounted inv suitable bearingsg on. top 'off thefcy-lin-f ders (see` Fig.- 2')V and V.have connection :by` miter gears 68 with the respectivev valves 62'...

so thateach` timethejlevers' are thrown.

corresponding?movementsA ofthev valves 62U take'place,.and thepai'ts are so adjusted that- I. l' the-movementsofthevalves 62. willbe. synchronous with Vthe 4operations' ofthe auxilf tively: so. related'fto the, engine'. cylinders,`

that when; ftheV other parts of` one cylinder.

ver-sel.. lanesiasshown in -Ei :11 and beinv: 3 g b ,Inventsbetween-.I the cams and said rollers. hen parts are 1n .the imerr'nediate f po'-V sit-ion shown in lillg'.v 9, the .cams 7 4,A 7 5`fand 1tionofjtheflever 63jthe-yokepfislshifted t0y j onea side ror `the; otherj,' engagernent betiveen. the cams-and rollers takes flplace, the cam encateffreely. inl the carriers,#: and at the same time;allowed??aasliglit swinging-,movement' i [duetortheshiftin .of-the'V collars/10,- asibeforevexp'lained het studs 791 are rigidly," supported byf arms 8O suitably attached to a irigidart-ofjthe engine.` Each rod 77 Vis 'coiled'fs'prings 83,I vwhich also engage't eends v ofthe"carrier 7,8', Vandvvhich tend to -holdthe rodsyieldingly; in theirI normal position, therodsib'ein tion.offtheeleversg. Thfifsjf'eonnecti'on.,isffherei. Yshovvntov cnsi'stj'of'vlink'sfif 'pivotedto: 'thei p handleversjandtocranks f'astered'sonc ,Y y, y l espectivelyf-attached. to arms 85.."The'rods -7'Z'Varefarrangedi inline vwith the main shaft .40, andthe'armsfS'eXtend oppositely from said linksbeing.' respectivelypivotedf tohelbn# aref provifded;-*each withthree. rollers A 71, .72` and'lz'these rollers lying;-v in'l different" trans'- 'l0V respectively` actuatedby cams 74,. 7 jand 76 formed on'orifastenedto the sleeves 43, thecams falso lyinv in dierent transversey planessofas to a mit. of the 'proper engage# 76,A revolve l without iin'iparting srnovement to A. thecollarsaZO... When, through;'theoperation, depending uponL thev direction and' ex`` tent of themovement ofthe leverv 63. When mentiis impartediftofthe ycollarf'.v Attached to. each yokey'disalblftircaied'rodW "Said rods extend?ilpvvardfV and ha-veiheir yupperl ,extreniitie Q ntedfzlooselyin .essentially Ufshaped carrie 10o provi ed ati'a. point` within its carrier' 7 8 n with la-'socket 81.;a.ndf at "each side of this;

isocketfs'leeves'-82 are mounted loosely on the" rod.1.-Saidsleeves areengaged by ex -ansive Wahl?? howevegunder the before.me'nt'ior'ied.VIV These valves, as Fig. 9 bestillustratesjmre composed of. pnpp'et'yalve Y .sections -89 and90, one'openingflnt'o the c vlinder one? outward therefrom, and said sectionsibelng. respectively v'sea-ted Yupon 'Ona` positely. disposed surfacesYV 91. and 9 2. The

Y '-.outwardlyopenings section 89 has af-tu'bular provided at.` itsy lower endl-'With yaff-link?,269,YV y y y y of. the"..section1590.-'v These Vtelescopic stems .13 0

Stem" 93v throgh Whiclrpasses-fthe sternv l94' l v l l Y thelever v63. 1s so moved` a vertlcal movepass outward through a box 95 placed in the cylinder head, and are respectively provided with lateral extensions 96 and 97 between which bear the outer or free ends of the arms 88, so that a downward rockin movement of either arm will open the va ve section 90, and an upward movement of the arm will open the valve section 89. In this connection it will be observed that. when the inwardly opening section 90 is opened by the mechanical action of the arm 88, the superior pressure within the cylinder will automatically unseat the outwardly opening section 89, and whenthe said section 89 is mechanically opened the superior pressure in the box 95 will automatlcally open the valve section 90. When both sections are seated, pressure will'be communicated pastthe seats` 91 and 92 in either direction.

The valve sections 89 and 90 are held yieldingly to their seats by `springs 98 and 99. These springs are expansive andbear respectively on the extensions 97'and 96 of the valve stems, and on collars 100 and 101 fastened to the brackets 87 and to tubular stem guides 102 in the box 95. For, the purpose of permitting effective engagement between the spring 98 and the said extension 97 of the stem 94, a yoke or other equivalent device 103 is attached to the extension 97 and loosely surrounds the sleeve 102 and tubular stem 93, as best shown in Fig. 12. The box 95 of each cylinder communicates by a pipe 104 with a compressed air reservoir 105 (see Fio. 2).` The form and relative disposition of the cams 74, 75 and 76 are so calculated, that by pre-arranged shifting of the levers 63 the necessary variety of movement may be imparted to the rods 77, so as to bring about the mechanical unseating of either of the valve members 89 and 90, and to control the period during which this unseating takes place. In this manner the said valve members may be operated So that when the engine is running the fuel mixture supply may be cut off and the engine operated as a pump, compressing air in the reservoir 105 and at the Sametime retarding the engine movement. thus performing the double function of a brake and compressor, or the valve members may I as to admit into the engine cylinder in addition to its normal charge a certain quantity of compressedair, thus,.materially in.- creasing the initial compression in the engine cylinder. Also, this auxiliary air supply apparatus may be utilized to control the carbureter" action, as will hereinafter fully appear. When the auxiliary air supply valves are adjusted to permit compression of atmospheric air within the engine cylinders, themovement of the lever 63 incident to this adjustment also brings about a movement of the rock shaft 66 (see Figs. 1 and 2) and this adjusts the three-way valves 62 so as to be so controlled close the carbureter communication with the inlet valve box 32and to open the communication between said boxes and the atmos here, thus allowing atmospheric air to be rawn into the cylmders whereupon it will be compressed and discharged through the box V95 and pipe 104, as before explained.

The igniter-is illustrated in Figs. 13 to 20 inclusive. It is applied only to such cylinders as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. 106 indicates the igniter cylinder which is formed with a port 107 adapted to communicate with the interior of the engine cylinder and provided with a flange 108 surrounding this port to facilitate fastening the igniter in place. Within the upper part of the cylinder 106 .is placed a bushing 109 in which operates the stem110 of a valve 111, which opens toward the engine cylinder and controls the fluid movement from the lower part of the igniter cylinder through the port 107. A head 112 is attached to the upper end of the stem 110, and working against this head and against a cap 114 is an expansive spring 115 which `serves yieldingly to seat said valve 111. In the lower part of the cylinder 106 a piston 116 operates. This piston is articulated by a pin 117 to a rod 118. The rod in turn is slidably fitted in a sleeve 119 and provided with a feather 120 operating in a slot. 121 in said sleeve whereby to allow the parts 118 and 119 a limited independent movement. As best shown in Figs. 1 and 5 the sleeve 119 extends downward to a crank 122 on a rock shaft 123 suitably mounted on the engine frame. Said shaft carries a second crank 124 to ywhich is joined a rod 125. ;4

This rod is forked at its lower end and the fork straddles the sleeve 43 of the ear 42 related to the same cylinder to which the igniteris related, and the sleeves 43 are provided .with cams 126` (see Fig. 3) which impart to the rods 125 periodic reciprocating movement. The parts 118 and 119 are connected by a stout expansive spring 127 engaging collars' 128 and 129 respectivelyon the parts 118 and 119, as best shown in Fig. 13. At its lower end the cylinder 106 is provided with a lateral bracket 130 (see Figs. 15 and 16), from which bracket an arm 131 depends (see Figs. 15 vand 18). To this arm is fulcrumedv by a stud 132 a lever 133,

the upper end of which carries a roller 134, and the lower end of which is formed with a slot 135. The lower end of the piston 116 is provided with a lever 133 is in vertical position, as shown in Figs. 14 and 18, the upwardly moving piston engages its wing 136 with the roller 134, and the upward movement of the piston is for the time arrested, the sleeve 119, however, continuing its upward movement and compressing the spring 127. From the bracket 130 an arm 137 projects (see Figs. 14 and 15) and on this arm is wing 136, and when the i strikes-the roller 139, whereupon the lever fulcrumed a lever-138, the u er end of which (shown broken away in igs. 14 and 15) is intended to `be connected with a governor or with'a hand operative means to time the ignition period, as will hereinafter 'fully appear. The lower end of the lever 138 curves slightly and carriesalroller 1'39 which plays loosely in theslot 135 of the lever- 133,.'.and which projects'inward from said lever in the path of a cam plate 140 secured in the sleeve 119 (see Fig. 14)'. k141 indicates a spring for yieldingly holding .th lever 138m the position-shown in Fig. ,14,

. so that when the sleeve 119 begins its up ward movement the piston 116 follows, until the wing 136 strikes the roller 134 where- A upon the piston-116 dwells-in its new, posispring137. This operation continues until.' vthe caml 140 strikes the roller 139, where-.- uponthe roller 134 begins-to roll off of the. wingr136. In doing thisthe'roller strikes the toggle member 147, and by the actionv of tion while the sleeve 119 -continues its movenient, `storing energy ,in the 'spring ,'127. This operation continues'until the cam 140 138 is thrown outward, carrying with it the lever 133 and throws the .roller 134 of of the wing 136. This releases the piston 116, and the spring 127 asserts itself, and brings about a continuing movement of the piston 116, which continued .or nal movementof the piston is so calculated as to bring about a compression of the gases within the cyl. inder 106, sufficient to ignite said gases by the heat of compression. The-head 112 of the valve stem 110 has allaterally extending stud 142 projecting througha slot A143 in the cap 1 14 (see Fig. 20). .To this stud isarticulated a link 144 which extends downward at its lower end and is similarly conp nected to a toggle member 145. Said member is pivoted on the cylinder 106 by a pin- 146 (see Fig. 14) and has its free end pivoted to a secondtoggle member 147 which when the valve`111 is in itsv closed position lies at one side of the roller 134 (see Fig. 14) 148 (see Fig. 19) indicates a'- spring lwhich is appliedA to the' toggle lmembers 145 and 147 tol hold ythem yieldinglyiin thev normal osition shown in Fig. 14. When, thereore, .the laction of the cam1'40 throws the roller'134 o fromthe wing 136, said roller engages the toggle member 147 ,throwing they same outward and raising the` toggle l.member 145, so that throughA the link 144 thel head 112 is raised, compressing the spring 115 and lifting thevalve 111. The.

organized operation of the igniter is accordingly as follows: When the upward movement of the piston 116 proceeds sufficiently to engage the wing 136 with the 'roller 134,-the piston movement is arrested andthe continuing movement of the ,sleevek 119 stores a certain amount of Venergy inthe the spring 127 asserts itself and rapidly and the toggle thus brought about, the valve 111 opens and allows a uantity of compressed gas to enter the cy inder 106. Continued outward movement of the roller results in its disengaging ,the toggle member 147, and consequent y in the closing of the valve 111, under the action ofthe spring 115 thus entrapping a charge of gasl inthe cylinder 106.. Simultaneously` the roller 134 completelydisengages the wingv 136' and then forcibly moves the pist'onll.4 toward they valve 111 so compressing the mixture in the cylinder-106 as to cause it to flash into flameV and at this time, since the spring'. 115 is weakerthan the spring 127, the valve 111 opens and the iame propagated in the cylinder 106 is communicated to the *power cylvice, which is shown in detail in Figs. 2,1 and 22. In Fig. 21,34 indicates a fragment of the carbureter before described, which mayf beof itself of any desired form. 149 indicates the air passageleadingl to the carbureter and this passagefhas a port 150 opening into the atmosphere. Said `port is commanded by-an inwardly opening-,valve 151, the-stem 152 of whichslidesin a guide 153 attached to the walls of the passage 149. Said stem` 152 is straddled by a lever 154,' the vlower end of 'which has its fulcrum 155 sustained on a bracket 156 projectingv from the 110 walls of the air passage 149. Sliding looselyon the stem 152 is a member 157 engaged by .a' spring 158 encircling the outer end of the stem 152, and bearing on its outer side against a head 159 on the outer extremity of 115 .said stem. This spring tendslightly to seat the valve 151- so kthatvunder ordinary operation the valvermay open in response to the suction through the carbureter passages, as is -usual in such devices. engaged, however, by two levers 160 ful' crumedon the lever 154, and by movin saidleverrightward (referring to Fig. 21g) the tension of the spring 158 may be increased to such ang' extent that the ordinary suction 125 exerted in the carbureter will notunseat the valve..l In this manner the vfree or, .atmospheric air supplied .to the carbureter may be -throttled'at will. 161indicates' a pipe lead ing the compressed air from .the tank 105,

The -member 157 is 120' .new

and discharging" into a chamber 162 commui By means of the above described improvenica'ting by a port 168 with the passage 149.

This port isv commanded by a valve 1 64, which opens into the chamber 162 and whlch has its stem 165 movablefreely in a guide 166 projecting from the walls of the passage 149. The stem 165 terminates in a head,

167, and engaged with this head and with the Walls of the passage 149 is an expansive s ring 168 which holds the valve 164 seated.

ne or both of the levers 160 has its lowerA end pointed, or so disposed as to lie in the path of the head 167 of the stem 165 so that upon shifting the lever 154 leftvvard (referring to Fig. 21 said lever 160 will be engaged with sai head 167. The levers 16() are fulcrumed on the lever 154 at a point 169, and 170 indicates a stop on the lever 154 for` limiting the rightward movement of the lower arm of the lever 160l Joined to the upper arm of said lever 160 at 171 is a link 172, which extends through suitable aides into the crank case of the engine, an normally projects into the immediate vicinity of but not actually in contact with a cam 173 on the main shaft 40 .(see Fig. 3). With this device, therefore, upon permitting the lever 154 to stand in its 'normal positionV (see Fig. 21) the ordinary `sucking effort in the car bureter will periodically unseat the valve 151 and rmit atmospheric air to be supplied to t e carbureter in the ordinary manner. By throwing the lever 154 rightward the tension of the sprino' 158 is increased so that the free or atmospheric air supplied to the carbureter may be throttled to a degree dependent upon the degree of rightward` movement of the lever 154. By moving the lever 154 to the left the lever 160 is engaged with the head 167 of the valve stem 165, and the link 172 is also moved into actual enagement with its actuating cam 173 (see ig. 3)'. When the parts are in this adjust'- ment the rotation of the cam 173 will impart a periodic reciprocation of the link 172, caus- `ing the lever 160 to be rocked, this rocking of the lever resulting in a periodic compression of the spring 158 to prevent the opening of the valve 151, and also in a simultaneous opening of the valve 164, thus admitting compressed air to the passage 149 and supplying such air to the carbureter, so that not only 1s a larger amount of liquid fuel absorbed by the air as it passes through the carbureter and a richer mixture secured, but this mixture is introduced. into the engine cylinder above the automatic pressure, and thus the initial compression of the eneine is increased. By a proper timing ofthe cam 173, the above described operations of the lever 160 may be made exactly to coincide with the charging period of the engine cycle, so that the compressed mixture 4will flow from the carbureter only during the charging or suction period above referred to.

ments, I -am enabled to operate the engine far more economically than under the ordinary practice, and at the same time I attain a much higher degree of` flexibility of control and regulation.

The auxiliary air supply devices and the carbureter regulating devices are not intended for continual operation, but are placed under the control of the engine driver so that they may be resorted to whenever 4the conditions of the operation of the engine require, either for retarding the engine movement when running empty and simultaneously storing the compressed air in the reservoir 105, for starting the operation of one?Vr or both of the cylinders, for increasing the initial compression either by introducing cold compressed air or by introducing a compressed fuelmixtur'e or by introducing both, and to throttle the free air supply to the carbureter. The igniter provides for a certain ignition of the cylinder charge without the danger or complication of a hot tube or spark igniters usually employed, and by means of the regulating devices provided for the igniter the periodof ignition may be,n

accurately timed, and finally by the manipulation of the clutch devices in the crank case either or both of the cylinders may be thrown into operation as desired, thus etfecting economy in operating the engine under light loads, and also enabling the operation of the "second cylinder to be started with perfect ease, the first cylinder being also easily started by the application of coinpressed air, as before described.

Various changes in the form, proportions and minor details of my invention may he resorted to at Will Without departing from the spirit and sco e thereof; hence 1 consider myself entit ed to all such variations as may lie Within the terms of my claims.

Having thus described 'my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. An engine havin'f' two cylinders and crank shafts respective v related thereto and driven therefrom, a main or engine shaft, and means for connecting either crank shaft with the main shaft at will, said means connecting said crank shafts at a fixed relative position to preserve the proper angnlarity of the cranks.

2. An engine comprising a hase, tvvo cylinders mounted thereon, crank shafts respectively related to the cylinders and driven therefrom, a main shaft mounted in the base. intermediate the crank shafts, a gear on each crank shaft, gears meshed with the first named gears, and mounted loosely. on the main shaft, means for connecting either of the second named gears to the main shaft to turn therewith, an igniterldevice for each cylinder, and means for drivingI the igniter 'l devicesrespectively l,from thegears 'on' the main Shaft. Y

. 3'. ,Anengine'having two cylinders"and 4 crankshafts related respectively theretoY and ,'main'shaft.v Y y 4. An engine lhaving:Ytvvo cylinders land crank shafts respectively connected thereto driven therefrom, a valve-mechanism for each cylinder, the valve, mechanisms lying and driven therefrom, aV valve mechanism 'foreach cylinder, the valvek mechanisms lying-` Vat. the innerrsides of the cylinders, av

. main or engineV shaft r lying between the crank shafts; two sleeves loose' on the main shaft,m eans connecting the sleeves respecf tlvelywith thecrank shafts, means for fastening either sleeve "tothe'main shaft', and

Y vmeans for -o Verating the valvel mechanisms respectively romsaid sleeves.'

5. An engine comprising two cylinders and crank shafts respectively -relatedthereto and driven therefrom, a main Yor engine "shaft, gears mounted on the crankshafts,

gears'mounted loosely on the main shaft and Ymeshed 'respectively with the crank shaft gears, and means. for' fastening-'either gear to the mam shaftf 1 6. An lenginecomprisinga base. two cyl-fV inders mounted thereon, crank shafts mount-V ed in the base and respectively related' tofa'nd drivenfromV the cylinders, a mainfor engine shaft mounted on the base intermediate the crank shafts,1 and means 'for connecting Y' either crankshaft .with the Ymainshafts. ,Y 140 7 An enginezomprisi'nga base, two cyl'- Vinders mounted thereon, crankshafts respectively related tothe c .linders and driven therefrom, a main .sha t mounted' in the base intermediate the Vcrank shafts, aV

gear on each crankshaft, gears meshed with the first named gears, andmountedloosely on the main shaft, and means for connecting either of the second' namedv gears to the main shaft. to turn therewith'. Y i

8. An enginey comprising a base, twoV cylinders mounted thereon, crank shafts respectively related to the cylinders and driven therefrom, a main shaft mounted in the base' intermediate' the 'crank shafts, a gear on each crank shaft, gears meshed wit-hthe first namedV gears,l andl'mounted loosely on the main shaft, means for connecting either v ofv the second named gears to the .main .shaft to turntherewith, a valve mechanism;forV Y each Vcylinderga-nd means for drivingrthe valve Y. mechanisms 'res ectivelyfrom' the Vgears on 'the main sha t..

i9. An englne, comprising two l cylinders y Y, 1 andcrank shafts respectively relatedthereto andgdriven therefrom,.'a` main or engine operative workingunitaa main; or engnic.

voperative working units, a mai-n or engine shaft, clutches for connecting either or both spe ctivel'y Jsliding on the shaft and engageable respectively with Vthe iirst named clutch mem Ybers, and centrifuga-Hy actuateddogs mount- Vshaft, a gea-ron each crank shaft, gearslose onthe main shaft and meshed with the crank shaft ears, and means for connecting either of the ast namedgears with .the mam shaft to turn therewith, fa valve mechanism for each cylinder, and means for driving the valve mechanisms 4 respectively fromY the gears of the Ymain shaftrespectively.

v, 10. An engine having two cylinders, crankV shafts respectively related thereto' and driven Y therefrom, a. `maln ,or engine shaft, a gea-rV Vfaston each crank shaft, gears loose on the lmain shaft and lrespectively Vmeshed, with the crank shaft gears, and clutch members sliding on the main, shaft andarespectively engageable with the second'namedgears to fasten said gearsto'the main shaft- 1l. engine having two independently` shaft, Yand controllable frictionY clutchesforY Vconnecting either or both of said units with said shaftl in Vfixed relative positions, for

the purpose specified,

12. An enginehavmg two independently of said working units with said shaft, and means actuated by the forward motionof said units for locking the same inflxed relative positions, for the purpose specified;

13. An engine havingtwoindependently operative working. unit-s, a main or engine shaft, clutch members'loose thereon and re- Voperatively connected with Asaid, working units, additional clutch members edA on onemember'of each clutchand adapted positively to engage the other 'members in" fixed Irelative posltions, for thefpurpose specified. Y f y 14.'. An engine havingy two independently operative working' units, a mainV or engine shaft,fand, means actuated by the' motion of said units to'connect the same with the shaftin fixed relative positions. Y

15.,An engine having twoV independently Voperative workin units, a main or engine shaft, and'centri gal clutches actuatedfby 115 i the Vmotlon of said working unitsfor posi-- tively connecting either or `both of saidunits withs'aid shaft in fixed relative ositions.

'16. Anengine havin two cy inders and crank shafts` respective y connectedthereto 120 ,and driven therefrom, a'main or engine shaft lyingbetween the crank' shafts, two sleeves loosejon tli'ei'lnain shaft, mean-s Connecting'V the sleeves respectively with the n crank shafts, andcontrollable means for fas- 125v` tening either sleeve tothe main'shaftatrvwill. 17 An; engine havingtwo independently operative working units, a maiden-engine j shaft, twosleevesloose on said: shaft, means4 `connecting said"y sleeves-V respectavlely` with 130 loo lo" v e said working units, and controllable means for fastening either sleeve to the main shaft at will.

18. An engine having two cylinders and crank shafts, connected respectively thereto and driven therefrom, valve mechanism for each cylinder, a main or engine shaft, means connecting each of saidcrank shafts to said engine shaft, and means' for driving the va ve mechanism of each cylinder from said main or engine shaft.

19. An engine having two cylinders and main shafts respectively connected thereto and driven therefrom, a main shaft, gearing connecting each of said crank shafts to said main shaft, an igniter device for each cylinder, and means for operating both of said igniter devices from said main shaft. Y

20. An engine having two independently operative working units, a main or engine shaft, and friction clutches actuated by the motion of said working units for positively connecting either or both of said units with said shaft in fixed relative positions.

21. An engine having two independently o erativa` working'unitS, a main or engine aft, and centrifugall o erated means actuated by the motion o sai units to unite the samer-,with the shaft in fixed relative pooperative working units,

sitions.

22. Anaengine having two independently operative working units, a main or engine shaft, and means for connecting either or both of said units with said shaft in fixed relative positions to each 0ther,said means being brought into operative position by the forward action of said units.

23. An engine having two independently a main or engine shaft, controllable friction means for con necting either or both of said units with said shaft, and centrifugally-actuated means for positively locking the same in fixed relative positions.

24. An engine having two independently o erative working units, a main or engine s aft, and separate means -for connectinu each of said units to said shaft, each of said means including a clutch having a centrifugally operated dog, and a clutch member adapted to en age with said dog and lock the correspon ing engine unit to the main shaft in a predetermined relationship.

25. An engine having two independently olperative working units, a main or engine s aft, and separate means for connectin each of said units to said shaft, each of said means' including a clutch having a clutch member and a centrifugally oierated dog adapted to engage with a sing e predetermined point on said clutch member to lock the correspondin engine unit to said shaft in a fixed and de nite relationship.

26. An engine having two independently operative working units, a main or engine shaft, and separate means for connecting each of said units to said shaft, each of said means including a clutch member loose upon said engine shaft, a second clutch member sliding on the sha-ft and enga eable with the first-mentioned clutch mem er, and a centrifugally actuated dog mounted on either member and adapted to positively engage with either member.

27. An engine having two independently o erative working units, a. main or engine s aft, and separate means for connectin each of said units to said shaft, each of said means including a clutch member loose u on said engine shaft, a second clutch mem sliding on the Shaft and' engageable with the first-mentioned clutch member, and a centrifugally actuated dog mounted on one member and adapted to positively engage with the other member at a particular'point thereon.

28. An engine having two independently operative working units, a main or engine shaft, and separate means for connecting each of said units to said shaft, each of said means including a clutch member loose on said engine shaft, a clutch member slidable thereon to engage the irstmentioned clutch, and a spring connected with the sliding clutch member and with a relatively stationary part, said spring turning upon the sliding of said clutch member, whereby the tension-of the spring is exerted in opposite directions dependent upon the position of said sliding clutch member.

29. An engine having two independently operative internal combustion engine units,

a main or engine shaft, controllable means for connecting either or both of said units with said shaft in fixed operating positions relative to each other,'valve mechanism for feach of said units, an igniter for each of said units, and means for operating said' valves and said igniters from sald engine shaft.

30. An engine having two power cylinders 1 and crank shafts relatively related thereto and driven thereby, a main or engine shaft, means for connecting either or both of said crank shafts with the main shaft at will, valve mechanism for each of said cylinders, and means for controlling the valve mechanism of one cylinder, whereby it may operate as a power cylinder or as a com pressor.

31. An engine having two power cylin ders and crank shafts relatively related thereto and driven thereby, a main or engine shaft, means for connecting either or both of said crank shafts with 'the main shaft at will, independent valve mechanisms for one of said cylinders, one of said valve mechanisms being normally inoperative durlng the use of said cylinder as a power cylinder, and means for operating said lastmentioned valve mechanism from said engine shaft,i whereby" one `of'said cylinders may serve asa compressioncylinder.

32. An engine having two `power cylinders and crank shafts relativelyV related thereto and4 .driven thereby, a Vmain or engine shaft, means ,for'co'nnecting either or v both of said/crank, shafts with the main shaft. at '.Will, independentnffvalve mechan-v isms for oneA of said cylinders, .one of sald valve' mechanisms normally inoperatJtiveYduringfgthejnsefof said cylinder as a -.p'n'zver cylinder, manually v controlled means i ."'for'f'tlirowing- .saidflas'tA mentioned valve Al5-` automaticallyV `op'erating'g the same, wherebyv mechanism into opration, and means for saidvcylind may yserve as'l a compression ,ey1inder.j" Y. '22.33. An engine; having'two independentlyV i120 operativeworking units; a main or engine operativel working units, a 'main or engine shaft, controllable friction clutchesfor each tion, Vand Vmeans for automatically locking said units to ,said shaft indefinite relative positions. Y Y

-35.7A171'engine having two independently operative *working units, a main or engine shaft, two sleeves connectingl with said units, respectively, and normally loose on said main shaft, meansfor connectingeithe-r or both'ofsaid sleeves to said shaft-fatwill, centrifugally-actuated means. for locking y the same indeniterelative positions, and

an ignition `device for each Vofsaid units operated from itscorresponding sleeve.

*In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the tpresence of two subscribing witnesses. y

* FRANK REAUGH.

f Witnesses: l

vofsaid units, a two-Way spring for each of said'clutches and adapted to hold the same in either its operative or inoperative posi- 

